Dhuumaha haydarooliga ee birta ah ee saxda ah ee dhuumaha baabuurta
Dhuumaha birta ee saxda ah, Waa qalab tuubo bir ah oo sax ah oo sarreeya.Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan waa: birta birta ah ee saxda ah, birta birta ah ee saxda ah, birta birta ah ee saxda ah, qabow duuban, tuubo bir ah oo qumman oo qumman, tuubo bir ah oo dhalaalaya oo qumman.
Dhuumaha birta ee saxda ah, Dhuumaha birta ee saxda ah ee biyo nadiif ah, tuubo bir ah oo qabow oo la jeexjeexay, tuubo bir ah oo aan fiicnayn
(1) Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee tuubada birta: Taxanaha DIN ee saxda ah ee saxda ah iyo birta birta ah ee dhalaalaya, dhuunta birta gaarka ah ee nidaamka hydraulic, tuubo bir ah oo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay soo saarista baabuurta
(2) Heerarka ugu muhiimsan: DIN2391, DIN2445, EN10305, DIN1629, DIN1630, ASTM A179
(3) Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan: ST35 (E235) ST37.4 ST45 (E255) ST52 (E355)
(4) Heerka gaarsiinta ugu muhiimsan: NBK (+N) GBK (+A) BK (+C) BKW (+LC) BKS (+SR)
(5) Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan: Ma laha lakabka oksaydh ee gudaha iyo dibadda ee tuubada birta, ma jirto wax qulqulaya cadaadis sare, saxsanaan sare, dhammayn sare, ma laha qallooc qabow oo laabasho ah, ma jiro dildilaacyo ololaya iyo fidsan.
Dhuumaha birta ee saxda ah, Halabuurka kiimikaad ee kaarboon C, Silicon Si, Manganese Mn, sulfur S, fosfooraska P, Cr.
Dhuumaha Birta Saxda ah, Astaamaha Alaabta
1. Dhexroor yar oo ka baxsan.
2. Saxnaanta sare waxay samayn kartaa wax soo saarka dufcadaha yar yar
3. Alaabooyinka qabow-qabow waxay leeyihiin saxnaanta sare iyo tayada sare ee wanaagsan.
4. Meesha iskutallaabta ee tuubada birta ayaa aad u adag.
5. Waxqabadka dhuumaha birta ayaa ka sarreeya, birtana waa cufan.
Hababka Wax-soo-saarka iyo Wax-soo-saarka
Marka loo eego hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan, waxaa loo qaybin karaa tuubo kulul, tuubo qabow, tuubo qabow, tuubo extrusion iyo wixii la mid ah.
1.1 Tubooyinka kulul ee duuban ee bilaa-xannaanka ah ayaa guud ahaan lagu soo saaraa tuubooyinka duubista tooska ah.Tuubada adag ee bannaan waa la hubiyaa oo laga nadiifiyaa cilladaha dusha sare, la gooyaa dhererka loo baahan yahay, iyada oo loo eegayo wejiga dhammaadka daloolsan ee tuubada bannaan, ka dibna loo diro foornada kuleylka si loogu kululeeyo, oo dalooliyo mashiinka feerka.Daloolinta isla mar ahaantaana wareeg joogto ah iyo horeba, hoos ficilka duubista iyo sare, tuubada maran ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u sameysey dalool, oo loo yaqaan tuubada dhogorta.Kadibna waxaa loo diraa tuubooyinka tooska ah si ay u sii wadaan duubista.Ugu dambeyntii, dhumucda derbiga mashiinka oo dhan waa la hagaajiyaa, mashiinka cabbirka ayaa la hagaajiyaa si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha qeexitaanka.Waa hab horumarsan oo lagu soo saaro tuubo bir ah oo kulul oo duuban oo leh tuubo duuban oo joogto ah.
1.2 Haddii aad rabto in aad hesho tuubo aan xidhnayn oo leh cabbir yar oo tayo fiican leh, waa inaad isticmaashaa duubista qabow, sawir qabow ama isku darka labada hab.Duubista qabowga waxaa badanaa lagu fuliyaa warshad laba-sare ah.Dhuumaha birta waxa lagu rogrogaa baas anular ah oo ka kooban jeex wareeg ah oo leh qayb doorsoomayaal ah iyo mid toosan oo toosan.Sawirka qabow waxaa badanaa lagu fuliyaa 0.5 ~ 100T silsilad keli ah ama silsilad laba jibbaaran oo sawir qabow ah.
1.3.Habka Extrusion: Tubada kulul ee bannaan waxaa lagu dhejiyaa dhululubada extrusion xiran, iyo usha daloolku waxay la socotaa usha extrusion si ay uga soo saarto qaybaha la soo saaray godka yar ee dhinta.Habkani wuxuu soo saari karaa dhexroor yar oo tuubo bir ah.
Dhuumaha Birta Saxda ah, Isticmaal
2.1, tuubo aan xuduud lahayn ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa.Ujeedada guud ee tubada aan xuduud lahayn ee birta qaab dhismeedka caadiga ah ee kaarboonka, birta qaab dhismeedka alloy hooseeya ama duubista birta qaab dhismeedka alloy, wax soo saarka ayaa ah kan ugu badan, inta badan loo isticmaalo gudbinta tuubooyinka dareeraha ama qaybaha dhismaha.
2.2.U soo iibso saddex qaybood iyadoo loo eegayo isticmaalka kala duwan: a.Bixinta si waafaqsan halabuurka kiimikada iyo sifooyinka farsamada;B. Bixinta si waafaqsan sifooyinka farsamada;C. Keenida sida waafaqsan tijaabada cadaadiska biyaha.Tuubooyinka birta ah ee lagu bixiyo fasalka A iyo CLASS B, haddii loo isticmaalo si ay ugu adkeystaan cadaadiska dareeraha, sidoo kale waxaa la mariyaa tijaabada hydrostatic.
2.3, isticmaalka khaaska ah ee tuubada kuleyliyaha tuubbada aan xuduud lahayn, tuubo aan fiicneyn oo juqraafi ah iyo tuubo saliid leh, iwm.
Dhuumaha Birta Saxda ah, Nooca
3.1 Tuubbada birta ah ee aan fiicneyn waxaa loo qaybin karaa tuubo kulul, tuubo duub qabow, tuubo qabow iyo tuubo extruded iyadoo loo eegayo hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan.
3.2 marka loo eego kala soocida qaabka, waxaa jira tuubooyin wareeg ah iyo tuubo qaabaysan.Tuubo qaabaysan oo gaar ah marka laga reebo tuubo labajibbaaran iyo tuubo leydi leh, waxaa jira tuubo elliptical ah, tuubbo wareeg ah, tuubbada saddex-xagalka ah, tuubada laba geesoodka ah, tube convex, tuubada plum iyo wixii la mid ah.
3.3, marka loo eego agabyada kala duwan, waxay u qaybsan tahay tuubada qaab dhismeedka kaarboonka caadiga ah, tuubada qaab dhismeedka daawaha hoose, tuubada qaab dhismeedka kaarboon tayo sare leh, tuubo qaab dhismeedka daawaha, tuubo aan nadiif ahayn iyo wixii la mid ah.
3.4.Marka loo eego ujeedooyinka gaarka ah, waxaa jira tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha, tuubooyinka juqraafiyeed, tuubooyinka saliidda, iwm.
Tilmaamaha iyo tayada muuqaalka
Tuubooyin aan cillad lahayn sida waafaqsan GB/T8162-87
4.1 Tilmaamaha: Dhexroorka tuubada kulul ee duuban 32 ~ 630mm.Dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay 2.5 ~ 75mm.Qabow duuban (qabow sawiran) dhexroor tuubada 5 ~ 200mm.Dhumucda darbigu waa 2.5 ~ 12mm.
4.2 Tayada muuqaalka: Dusha sare ee gudaha iyo dibadda ee tuubada birta waa in aanay yeelan dildilaacyo, laalaabid, rogid, daal, xadhkaha timaha iyo cilladaha nabarrada.Cilladahan waa in gebi ahaanba meesha laga saaraa iyada oo aan loo oggolaan dhumucda gidaarka iyo od in ay dhaafaan leexashada taban.
4.3 Labada daraf ee tuubada birta waa in la gooyaa xagal toosan oo burooyinka laga saaraa.Tuubooyinka birta leh dhumucdiisuna waxay ka weyn tahay 20mm waxay oggolaadaan goynta gaaska iyo jarista miinshaarta kulul.Heshiiskii labada dhinac ee saadka iyo baahida sidoo kale ma goyn karaan madaxa.
4.4 "Tayada dusha sare" ee qabow-jiiday ama qabow-duuban oo sax ah tuubo bir ah oo aan xuduud lahayn tixraac GB3639-83.
Tijaabada Halabuurka Kiimikada
5.1 Halabuurka kiimikaad ee tuubooyinka bilaa turubka ah ee guriga lagu bixiyo iyadoo loo eegayo halabuurka kiimikaad iyo sifooyinka farsamada, sida Birta No. 88.Tuubooyinka la soo dejiyo ee aan bilaa-xaranayn waa in loo eegaa iyadoo loo eegayo heerarka la xidhiidha ee ku cad heshiiska.Halabuurka kiimikada ee 09MnV, 16Mn, 15MnV birta waa in ay u hoggaansamaan qodobada GB1591-79.
5.2 Tixraac gb223-84 "Hababka Falanqaynta Kiimikada ee Birta iyo Alloy" ee hababka falanqaynta gaarka ah.
5.3.Tixraac GB222-84 "Ka leexashada la oggol yahay ee kiimikaad Samaynta shaybaarka birta iyo alaabta la dhammeeyey ee Falanqaynta kiimikada".
Imtixaanka Waxqabadka Jirka
6.1 Tuubooyinka gudaha ee aan fiicneyn ee la bixiyo iyadoo loo eegayo waxqabadka farsamada, birta kaarboonka caadiga ah waa in la sameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo GB/T700-88 Heerka A (laakin maadada baaruuddu waa inaysan ka badnaan 0.050% iyo maadada fosfooraska waa inaysan dhaafin 0.045%), iyo guryaha farsamada waa in ay waafaqaan qiyamka ku qeexan shaxda GB8162-87.
6.2 Tuubooyinka gudaha ee aan waxba tarayn ee lagu bixiyo si waafaqsan tijaabada hydrostatic waa inay buuxiyaan tijaabada hydrostatic ee ku qeexan heerka.
6.3 Kormeerka waxqabadka jireed ee tuubooyinka aan xuduudka lahayn ee dibadda laga keeno waa in lagu fuliyaa si waafaqsan heerarka la xiriira ee ku xusan heshiiska.
Tilmaamid
ASTM A106/ASME SA106 waa qeexitaanka caadiga ah ee tuubada birta kaarboonka ee bilaa-la'aanta ah ee lagu dabaqo adeegyada heerkulka sare.Waxaa ka mid ah saddex darajo A, B iyo C, iyo heerka isticmaalka caadiga ah waa A106 Grade B. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha kala duwan ma aha oo kaliya hababka dhuumaha sida saliidda iyo gaaska, biyaha, gudbinta slurry macdanta, laakiin sidoo kale loogu talagalay kuleyliyaha, dhismaha, ujeedooyinka dhismaha.
ASTM A106 tubbada darajada B waxay u dhigantaa ASTM A53 Fasalka B iyo API 5L B ee booska kiimikaad iyo sifada makaanikada, guud ahaan isticmaal birta kaarboonka iyo xoogga soomay ugu yaraan 240 MPa, xoog xajin 415 Mpa.
Hoos waxaa ku sharxi doona ASTM A106 tuubada darajada B dhinacyo kala duwan.
| ASTM A106 darajada b Kiimikada Halabuurka | |||
| Darajada A | Darajada B | Darajada C | |
| Kaarboon max% | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.35 |
| Manganese % | 0.27 ilaa 0.93 | 0.29 ilaa 1.06 | 0.29 ilaa 1.06 |
| Fosfooraska, ugu badnaan% | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| Sulfur, max.% | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| Silikoon, min.% | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B ee Wax-soosaarka Dhuumaha iyo Xoog Jiidashada | |||
| Xumaan la'aan | Darajada A | Darajada B | Darajada C |
| Xoogga Jilitaanka, min., psi | 48,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 |
| Xoogga Wax-soo-saarka, min., psi | 30,000 | 35,000 | 40,000 |
| ASTM A106 Gr B u dhiganta | ||||
| Hore | Cusub | |||
| Dil | Heerka | Qalab | Heerka Yurub | Qalab |
| Xumaan la'aan | API 5L | Fasalka X52 | EN 10208-2 | L360NB |
| Xumaan la'aan | ASTM A333 | Fasalka 6 | EN 10216-4 | P265NL |
| alxanka | API 5L | Darajada B | EN 10208-2 | L245NB |
| Xumaan la'aan | ASTM A106 | FASALKA B | EN 10216-2 | P265GH |
| Xumaan la'aan | API 5L | Darajada B | EN 10208-2 | L245NB |
| alxanka | API 5L | Fasalka X52 | EN 10208-2 | L360NB |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B Noocyada Dhuumaha | Dhexroor ka baxsan | Dhumucda gidaarka | Dhererka |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B SAW Pipe | 16" NB - 100" NB | Sida looga baahan yahay | Caadiyan |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B ERW Dhuumaha (xajmiga gaarka ah) | 1/2" NB - 24" NB | Sida looga baahan yahay | Caadiyan |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B Dhuumaha alxanka ah (ku jira kaydka + cabbirrada gaarka ah) | 1/2" NB - 24" NB | Sida looga baahan yahay | Caadiyan |
| ASTM A106 Fasalka B Dhuumaha Aan Xun Lahayn (Xajmiga gaarka ah) | 1/2" NB - 60" NB | SCH 5 / SCH 10 / SCH 40 / SCH 80 / SCH 160 | Caadiyan |
| Heerka ASTM ee dhuumaha birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn | ||
| Heerka Fulinta | Darajada / Qalabka | Magaca Alaabta |
| ASTM A53 | A, B | Tubooyinka Birta Birta ah ee Dahaarka leh ee Zinc-Madaw iyo Kulul Lagu alxanayo oo aan lahayn |
| ASTM A106 | A, B | Birta Kaarboonka ee aan Xidhiidhka lahayn ee Adeegga Heerkulka Sare |
| ASTM A179 | Birta Carbon Hoose | Isku-bedelka Kuleyliyaha Birta Kaarboon-hoose ee Qabow-Daran ee aan Xumaan lahayn iyo Tuubooyinka Condenser-ka |
| ASTM A192 | Birta Carbon Hoose | Tubooyinka kululeeyaha ee kaarboon-kaarboonka ee aan kala go'a lahayn ee cadaadiska sarreeya |
| ASTM A210 | A1, C | Kaarboon-Kaarboon-Dhex-dhexaad ah iyo Biyo-qaade-Birta Daawaha ah iyo Tubooyinka Kululiyaha Sare |
| ASTM A213 | T5, T11, T12, T22 | Feerritic-ka aan Xumaan lahayn iyo Kuleyliyaha Sare ee Tubooyinka Kuleyliyaha |
| TP 347H | ||
| ASTM A312 | TP304/304L, TP316/316L | Dhuumaha birta ah ee aan kala go'a lahayn ee alaabta aan fiicnayn |
| ASTM A333 | Gr.6 | Dhuumaha Biraha ee aan Xumaan iyo Alxanka lahayn ee Adeegga Heerkulka Hoose |
| ASTM A335 | P9, P11, P22 | Dhuumaha Birta Daawaha ee Ferritic Alloy ee Adeegga Heerkulka Sare |
| ASTM A519 | 41,304,140 | Kaarboon iyo bir daawaha ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn ee tuubooyinka makaanikada |
| ASTM A789 | Tuubbooyinka Birta-Birta ah ee Austenitic-ka aan Xumaan lahayn ee Adeegga Guud | |
| Heerka API ee dhuumaha birta ah ee aan kala go 'lahayn | ||
| Heerka Fulinta | Darajada / Qalabka | Magaca Alaabta |
| API Spec 5CT | J55, K55, N80, L80,C90, C95, T95, P110, M65 | Sharaxaada daasadda iyo tuubooyinka |
| API Spec 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | A,B X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65,.X70 | Tilmaamaha Dhuumaha Khadka |
| DIN / EN Heerka tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicnayn | ||
| Heerka Fulinta | Darajada / Qalabka | Magaca Alaabta |
| DN 17175/EN10216-2 | ST35, ST45, ST52, 13CrMo44 | Tuubbada birta ah ee aan cillad lahayn ee heerkulka sare leh |
| DIN 2391/EN10305-1 | St35, St45, St52 | Tuubbada Saxda ah ee Qabow Sawiran |
| DIN 1629/EN10216-1 | St37, St45, St52 | Wareegta aan Xumaan lahayn ee Tuubooyinka Birta ah ee aan Allaybnayn ee ku xidhan Shuruudaha Gaarka ah |
Bandhiga Alaabta
